Skating skills | Intermediate
PROGRESSIVE or RUN [Pr]
Figure 36 Cross cut, Cross overs, Progressive, Run
A step or sequence of steps in which the free foot passes the skating foot before is it placed on the ice, thereby bringing the new free foot off the ice trailing the new skating foot.
Crossed Step (X)
CROSSED STEP FORWARD [XF]
Figure 37 Explained: CROSSED STEP FORWARD
A step in which the free foot is placed on the ice on the outer edge side of the skating foot with the free leg crossed in front of the skating leg. (Note - legs cross below the knees.)
CROSSED STEP BEHIND [XB]
Figure 38 CROSSED STEP BEHIND [XB]
A step in which the free foot is placed on the ice on the outer edge side of the skating foot with the free leg crossed behind the skating leg. (Note - the legs cross below the knees.)
Cross Cut [Xcut]
Figure 39 Cross cut, Cross overs, Progressive, Run
CHASSÉ [Ch]
Figure 40 Foward Chasses
Figure 41 Chasse
SIMPLE CHASSÉ
A series of two edges (usually outside, inside) in which on the second edge the free foot is placed on the ice beside the skating foot, but not ahead of it, and the free foot is lifted with the blade parallel to the ice.
CROSSED CHASSÉ
The same except that on the second step the free foot crosses the skating foot (crossed behind the skating foot when skating forward or crossed in front when skating backward).
SLIDE CHASSÉ [slCh]
The same except that on the second step the free foot slides off the ice in front when the skater is skating forward and behind when the skater is skating backward (e.g. The man’s step 32 in the Starlight Waltz).
SLIP STEP
A step skated in a straight line with the blades of both skates being held flat on the ice. The weight is over the skating leg that may be well bent or straight while the free foot slides forward on the ice to full extension.
TOE STEP
A step where the skater steps from one toe to the other without jumping.
FIELD MOVEMENTS – Gliding moves
Figure 42 Spiral, Spread Eagle, Bauer, Chinese Spiral
CROUCH
a two foot movement in which a skater travels along the ice with both legs bent at an angle (with at least 90 degrees between the thigh and shin of the skating legs).
INA BAUER [InBa]
Figure 43 Ina Bauer
Figure 44 Ina Bauer II
a two-footed movement in which the skater travels along the ice with one foot on a forward edge/tracing and the other on a matching backward edge on a different but parallel edge/tracing.
Ina Bauer (figure skater)
Ina Bauer, married name Szenes, (31 January 1941 – 13 December 2014) was a German competitive figure skater.She won three consecutive West German national titles (1957–59) and invented the skating element which bears her name.
LUNGE [Lu]
Figure 45 Forward Lunge
a movement in which a skater travels along the ice with one leg bent (with at least 90 degrees between the thigh and shin of the skating leg) and the other leg directed behind with the boot/blade touching the ice
LUNGE: A lunge is performed with both feet on the ice. The solid line of the diagram indicates where the body weight is (bent knee). The dotted line indicates that the skating foot of the preceding step does not come off of the ice. It is held in complete extension through the next step, resulting in a lunge.
PIVOT [Pvt]
Figure 46 Forward inside Pivot
Figure 47 Pivot in both directions
a two footed movement in which the toe picks of one foot are inserted into the ice by a skater as a central pivoting point while the other foot travels in a circular pattern around the pivot point.
SHOOT THE DUCK
a one foot movement in which a skater travels along the ice with one leg in a strongly bent position and the other leg directed forward parallel to the ice.
SPREAD EAGLE
a curving, two-footed movement in which the skater skates with one foot on a forward edge and the other on a matching backward edge on the same curve (eg. outside and outside).
SPIRAL
A gliding position executed on one foot with free leg extended (including knee and foot) above hip level.
SPIRAL SEQUENCE:
A collection of at least two spirals executed on different feet, separated by no more than four steps not including the step taken into the skating foot of the second spiral. (A step in this case applies to any time a change of foot takes place, e.g. Mohawk = 2 steps, 3-turn = 1 step, crosscut = 2 steps)
Backward outside Death Spiral
BoDs
Backward outside death spiral.
ROLL [R]
A short or long, forward or backward edge.
Figure 49Explanation: Roll, Cross Roll, Swing Roll
CROSS ROLL [CR]
Figure 50: Forward Cross Rolls
Figure 51 Backward Cross Rolls
A roll started with the action of the free foot approaching the skating foot from the side so as to strike the ice almost at right-angles to the skating foot, started forward with the feet crossed in front or backward with the feet crossed behind. The impetus is gained from the outside edge of the skating foot as it becomes the new skating foot. In this case, the change of lean to the curve in the opposite direction creates a “rolling movement”.
SWING ROLL [SwR]
Figure 52 Outside Swing Rolls
A roll held for several beats of music during which, when skating backward, the free leg lifts and then first swings forward, then backward past the skating foot, then back beside to skate the next step. When skating forward, the free leg first swings backward, then forward and then back beside to skate the next step. The swing of the leg gives the sense of a “rolling movement”.
TURNS
Figure 53 Learn to Turn
A rotational movement in which the skater moves from forward to backward or backward to forward.
Loop
Figure 54 3-turn, Bracket, Loop
LOOP: A loop is a forward or backward rotational movement skated on a small circle approximately equal to the height of the skater. A “cross-roll” transition into forward outside loops and a “cross behind” start for back outside loops are permissible. The loops included in the Skating Skills exercises are more of a “rotational movement”, more round than tear shaped. Outside loops can be skated forwards or backwards, starting on the left or right foot (LFO, RFO, LBO, RBO). Inside loops can be skated forwards or backwards, starting on the left or right foot (LFI, RFI, LBI, RBI).
Toe Loop
Figure 55 Toe Loop
Two-Foot-Turn / Bum Twister
Figure 56 Two-foot-turn
Figure 57 Bum Twister
THREE Turn [3]
Figure 58 LFO3
Figure 59 Inside Outside 3 Turns LFO3, RFI3
Figure 60 RFO3
Figure 61 FO3-BI3 Forward Outside/Back Inside Three-Turns
A turn executed on one foot from an outside edge to an inside edge or an inside edge to an outside edge, with the exit curve continuing on the same lobe as the entry curve. The skater turns in the direction of the curve.
A three turn is a turn on a curve from forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward on the same foot with the point of the turn facing into the curve. If the edge entering the three turn is an outside edge, the exit edge of the turn will be an inside and vice versa. The exit edge of the turn continues on the same curve as the entry edge. It is called a “three” turn because the tracing on the ice resembles the number “3”. Three turns can be from outside-to-inside or from inside-to-outside and can be performed forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward, starting on the left or right foot. (LFO-LBI, RFO-RBI, LFI-LBO, RFI-RBO, LBO-LFI, RBO-RFI, LBI-LFO, RBI-RFO)
Special Three Turns in Ice Dancing
TOUCHDOWN THREE TURN:
A three turn in which the weight is almost immediately transferred to the free foot as it becomes the skating foot for the next step. The turn is made from a forward outside three to the backward outside edge of the opposite foot without full weight transfer, then the skater immediately steps forward onto the original foot (example Austrian Waltz steps 1-2). Such a sequence may be skated with the forward or backward, inside or outside three turns. May be skated alone or as a couple side by side.
AMERICAN WALTZ TYPE THREE TURN:
A three turn from an outside edge in which the free leg is extended and the toe and hip are well turned out and held over the tracing. The instep of the free foot is drawn close to the heel of the skating foot as the turn is made. After the turn onto an inside edge, the free foot is extended back of the tracing before being brought back beside the skating foot in time for the next step.
EUROPEAN WALTZ TYPE THREE TURN:
A three turn which begins as in (3). After the turn the back inside edge is held for one beat before the weight is transferred to the free foot as it becomes the skating foot.
RAVENSBERGER WALTZ TYPE THREE TURN:
An inside three turn that begins as in (3) and (4) with the free leg extended over the tracing and left behind during the turn, and swings through after its completion in front of the tracing before being brought back beside the skating foot in time for the next step. (Example: Man’s step 1, in Ravensberger Waltz).
WALK-AROUND-THREES:
Threes turned by a Couple at the same time around the common axis. The partners skate these turns in Waltz hold (example Austrian Waltz step 31, Ravensberger Waltz steps 39-40) or offset Tango hold (Golden Waltz steps 1-5).
BRACKET [Br]
Figure 62 Bracket
A turn executed on one foot from an outside edge to an inside edge or an inside edge to an outside edge, with the exit curve continuing on the same lobe as the entry curve. The skater turns in the direction opposite to the curve.
BRACKET: A bracket is a turn on a curve from forward-to-backward or backward to forward-on-the same foot with the point of the turn facing outside the curve. If the edge entering the bracket is an inside edge, the exit edge of the turn will be outside and vice versa. The exit edge of the turn continues on the same curve as the entry edge. Brackets can be from outside-to-inside or from inside-to-outside and can be performed forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward starting on the left or right foot. (LFO-LBI, RFO-RBI, LFI-LBO, RFI-RBO, LBO-LFI, RBO-RFI, LBI-LFO, RBI-RFO)
ROCKER [Rk]
Figure 63 Counter, Rocker, Twizzles
A turn executed on one foot from an outside edge to an outside edge or an inside edge to an inside edge, with the exit curve on a different lobe from the entry curve. The skater turns in the direction of the entry curve.
ROCKER: A rocker is a turn from forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward, on the same foot, with the point of the turn facing into the circle. The skater changes to a new curve at the top of the turn (long axis). If the edge entering the rocker is an outside edge, the exit edge of the turn will also be outside. Rockers can be from outside-to-outside or inside-to-inside and can be performed forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward, starting on the left or right foot. (LFO-LBO, RFO-RBO, LFI-LBI, RFI-RBI, LBO-LFO, RBO-RFO, LBI-LFI, RBI-RFI)
COUNTER [Ct]
Figure 64 Counter, Rocker, Twizzles
Figure 65 Counters
A turn executed on one foot from an outside edge to an outside edge or an inside edge to an inside edge, with the exit curve on a different lobe from the entry curve. The skater turns in the direction opposite to the entry curve (i.e. in the direction of the exit curve).
COUNTER: A counter is a turn from forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward on the same foot, with the point of the turn facing outside the curve. The skater changes to a new curve at the top of the turn (long axis). If the edge entering the counter is an inside edge, the exit edge of the turn will also be inside and vice versa. Counters can be from outside-to-outside or inside-to-inside and can be performed forward-to-backward or backward-to- forward, starting on the left or right foot. (LFO-LBO, RFO-RBO, LFI-LBI, RFI-RBI, LBO-LFO, RBO-RFO, LBI-LFI, RBI-RFI)
SWING ROCKER [SwRk]
Figure 66 Counter, Rocker, Twizzles
A type of rocker or counter in which the free foot swings smoothly past close to the skating foot before the turn and after the turn is either moved past the skating foot and held behind over the tracing or allowed to swing forward.
Skating skills | Advanced
LEG AND FOOT POSITIONS
COUPEE:
A movement in which the free foot is held up in contact with the skating leg from an open hip position so that the free foot is at a right angles to the leg of the skating foot.
PASSE:
A movement in which the free foot is held up to the side of the skating leg from a closed hip position so that the free foot is parallel to the leg of the skating foot.
ATTITUDE:
The free leg is bent, and brought up out and behind at a ninety degree angle to the leg of the skating foot.
TWIZZLE [Tw]
Figure 67 Twizzles and Chasses in Waltz Hold
Figure 68 Counter, Rocker, Twizzles
TWIZZLE: A traveling turn on one foot with one or more rotations which is quickly rotated with a continuous, uninterrupted action. The weight remains on the skating foot with the free foot in any position during the turn then placed beside the skating foot to skate the next step. A series of checked three turns is not acceptable as this does not constitute a single action. If the traveling action stops during the execution, the Twizzle, it becomes a Solo Spin (Pirouette);
The four (4) different types of entry edges for Twizzles are as follows:
Forward Inside (FI)
Figure 69 Forward Inside Twizzles
Forward Outside (FO)
Backward Inside (BI)
Backward Outside (BO)
Figure 70 Backward Outside Twizzles
Twizzles in Ice Dancing
SYNCHRONIZED AND SEQUENTIAL TWIZZLES:
SERIES OF SYNCHRONIZED TWIZZLES: At least two twizzles for each partner with up to three (3) small steps between twizzles.
SERIES OF SEQUENTIAL TWIZZLES: At least two twizzles for each partner with up to one (1) step between twizzles.
Each twizzle (a) and (b) shall be at least one (1) full rotation on one foot performed simultaneously by both partners. For example:
· side by side in the same direction (matching)
· side by side in opposite direction (mirror)
· following one another (one skating forward and/or backward and the other skating forward and/or backward)
A TWIZZLE LIKE MOTION [“Tw”]
While the body performs one full continuous rotation the skating foot technically executes less than a full turn followed by a step forward.
CHOCTAWS [Cho]
Figure 71 Basic Choctaw Explained
Figure 72 Basic Choctaw Supplemental
Figure 73 Regular Choctaws, Blues Chactaws
Figure 74 Choctaw, Open, Closed, Swing
A turn from one foot to the other in which the curve of the exit edge is in the opposite direction to that of the entry edge. The change of foot is from outside edge to inside edge or inside edge to outside edge. Unless otherwise specified in the dance description, the free foot is placed on the ice close to the skating foot. The entry and exit edge are of equal depth.
OPEN CHOCTAW
A choctaw in which the free foot is placed on the ice at the inner side of the skating foot. Following the weight transfer the immediate position of the new free foot is behind the heel of the new skating foot.
CLOSED CHOCTAW
A choctaw in which the instep of the free foot is held at the heel of the skating foot until the free foot is placed on the ice behind the heel of the skating foot. Following the weight transfer the immediate position of the new free foot is in front of the new skating foot (e.g. steps 12 and 13 of the Blues).
SWING CHOCTAW
An open or closed choctaw in which the free leg swings forward closely past the skating leg and then back to the skating foot to execute the turn (e.g. steps 5 and 6 [first part] of the Quickstep).
CROSSED OPEN CHOCTAW:
A choctaw in which the outside of the free foot is held in front of and at right angles to the skating foot. The hip is open after the turn. It may be wide-stepped (e.g. Steps 11-12 of the Rhumba).
MOHAWKS [Mo]
Figure 75 Inside Open and Closed Mohwaks
Figure 76 Outside Mohawks in Figure Eight Pattern
Figure 77 Back Crossovers with Inside Mohawks
A turn from one foot to the other in which the entry and exit curves are continuous and of equal depth. The change of foot is from an outside edge to an outside edge or from and inside edge to an inside edge.
Inside Mohawk
RFI-LFI or LFI-RFI
Outside Mohawk
RFO-LFO or LFO to RFO
OPEN MOHAWK
A mohawk in which the heel of the free foot is placed on the ice at the inner side of the skating foot, the angle between the two feet being optional. Following the weight transfer, the immediate position of the new free foot is behind the heel of the new skating foot (e.g. the man's steps 8 and 9 and the lady's steps 12 and 13 in the Fourteenstep).
CLOSED MOHAWK
A mohawk in which the instep of the free foot is held at the heel of the skating foot until the free foot is placed on the ice behind the heel of the skating foot. Following the weight transfer, the immediate position of the new free foot is in front of the new skating foot (e.g. steps 11 and 12 of the Rocker Foxtrot).
SWING MOHAWK
An open or closed mohawk in which the free leg swings forward closely past the skating leg, and then back to the skating foot to execute the turn (e.g. steps 20 and 21 of the Harris Tango).
Power Techniques
Figure 78 Power Techniques
Figure Eights
Abbildung 1 Figure Eights
Figure 79 Figure 8: Forward outside edges
Figure 80 Figure 8: Backward Outside Edges
Figure Skating Jumps
Figure 86 Six Basic Jumps: Salchow, Toe-Loop, Loop Jump, Foot Jump, Lutz Jump, Axel Jump
Figure 87 Jumps
Figure 88 Waltz Jump, Toe Loop, Loop Jump, Flip
Beginners Jumps
Butterfly jump
A flying spin with a two-foot takeoff. The body goes almost parallel to the ice in the air, with a scissoring leg motion.
Ballet jump
Figure 89 Ballet jump
Waltz Jump
Figure 90 Waltz Jump
Salchow [S]
Figure 91 Salchow
Figure 92 Single Salchow
Loop Jump [Lo]
Figure 93 Loop Jump
Figure 94 Loop Jump
German: Rittberger
Lutz Jump [Lz]
Flip Jump [F]
Abbildung 2 Flip Jump
Toe-Loop [T]
Abbildung 3 Toe Loop
Axel Jump [A]
Abbildung 4 Axel Jump
DANCE JUMPS
JUMP: A jump of not more than one (1) revolution, which may be executed by only one (1) partner at a time. This jump may be performed either holding hand(s) or separated, but the distance between partners must not be more than two (2) arms-lengths apart.
DANCE JUMP: A small jump not more than 1/2 revolution used to change foot or direction. Such jumps must be executed in dance position or at not more than two (2) arms-lengths apart. Both partners may jump at the same time.
HOPS: Small jumps without revolution.
Ice Dancing
DANCE HOLDS
LEADING HAND: The leading hand of the man is the right hand except in the case of “reversed” hold when it is the left hand.
HAND IN HAND HOLD:
Facing the same direction –
The partners face in the same direction and are skating side by side or one behind the other with their arms extended and their hands clasped. Use of this position in the Original Dance and/or Free Dance is not encouraged. A variation of this is the arm-in-arm side by side position which is acceptable.
Facing in opposite directions –
The partners usually face each other while one skates backward and the other skates forward with the arms extended to the side but sometimes the position can be skated back to back (e.g. Cha Cha Congelado). Use of this position in the Original Dance and/or Free Dance with arms fully extended toward each other is usually not permitted.
CLOSED OR WALTZ HOLD:
The partners are directly opposite each other. One partner faces forward while the other partner faces backward. The man's right hand is placed firmly on his partner's back at the shoulder blade with the elbow raised and the arm bent sufficiently to hold the lady close to him. The left hand of the lady is placed on the shoulder of the man so that her arm rests comfortably, elbow to elbow, on his upper arm. The left arm of the man and the right arm of the lady are extended comfortably at shoulder height. Their shoulders remain parallel.
OPEN OR FOXTROT HOLD:
The hand and arm positions are similar to those of the closed or waltz position. The partners simply turn slightly away from each other so that they both skate in the same direction.
CROSSED FOXTROT HOLD:
The partners are in the same position as above except that the man’s right arm passes behind the lady and his right hand is on her right hip, and the lady’s left arm passes behind the man and her left hand is on his left hip.
OUTSIDE OR TANGO HOLD:
The partners face in opposite directions - one partner skating forward; the other partner backward. However, unlike the closed position, the partners are offset with the man to the right or left of the lady so that the front of his hip is in line with the front of her corresponding hip. Tight hip to hip position is undesirable since it impedes flow.
KILIAN HOLD:
The partners face in the same direction with the lady to the right of the man and his right shoulder behind her left. The left arm of the lady is extended across the front of the man's body to hold his left hand. His right arm crosses behind the lady's back to clasp her right hand. Both right hands rest over her hip bone.
REVERSED KILIAN HOLD:
This position is similar to the Kilian position but with the lady at the man's left.OPEN KILIAN HOLD: The man's left hand holds the lady's left hand, with his right hand resting over the lady's left hip or behind her back. The lady's right arm is extended. The hold may also be reversed.CROSSED KILIAN HOLD: The lady's left arm is extended across the front of the man's body to his left hand, while his right arm is extended across in front of her body with both partners' right hands resting clasped over her hip.This hold may also be reveed.
SHADOW DANCE:
The partners face in the same direction and are skating side by side with no more than one arm’s length distance between them.
DANCE LIFTS
DANCE LIFT: An action in which one partner is elevated to any height, sustained there and set down on the ice. Any rotations and/or positions and changes of such positions during the lift are permitted. Lifts should enhance the music chosen and express its character and should be performed in an elegant manner without obvious feats of strength and awkward and/or undignified actions and poses.The following movements and/or poses during the lift are not allowed and will be called as “illegal”:lifting hand(s) of the lifting partner higher than his head*lying or sitting on the partner’s headsitting or standing on the partner’s shoulders or backlifted partner in upside down split pose (with angle between thighs more than 45 degrees)**lifting partner swinging the lifted partner around by holding the skate(s)/boot(s) or leg(s) only with fully extended arms and/or by holding the hand(s) with full arm extension by both partners.*It is not considered illegal if:the point of contact of lifting hand/arm of the lifting partner with any part of the body of the lifted partner is not sustained higher than the lifting partner’s head;the lifting hand/arm which is used for support or balancing only or which touches any part of the body of the lifted partner is not sustained by the lifting partner higher than his head for more than 2 seconds.**A brief movement through an upside down split pose (with any angle between thighs) will be permitted if it is not established (sustained) or if it is used only to change of pose.TYPES OF DANCE LIFTS:SHORT LIFTS – the duration of the lift should not exceed six (6) seconds:
STATIONARY LIFT: A lift that is executed on the spot (stationary location) by the lifting partner who may or may not be rotating.STRAIGHT LINE LIFT: A lift in which the lifting partner travels in a straight line in any position on one foot or two feet.CURVE LIFT: A lift in which the lifting partner travels on one curve (lobe) in any position on one foot or two feet.ROTATIONAL LIFT: A lift in which the lifting partner rotates in one (clockwise or anticlockwise) direction while traveling across the ice.LONG LIFTS – the duration of the lift should not exceed twelve (12) seconds:REVERSE ROTATIONAL LIFT: A lift in which the lifting partner rotates in one direction and then in another direction while traveling across the ice.SERPENTINE LIFT: A lift in which the lifting partner travels on two different curves of approximately similar curvature and duration. The change of direction of the pattern may incorporate a turn of not more than ½ rotation. The pattern must be serpentine shaped (“S”). After the completion of the 2 curves the Couple may skate additional curves or rotate (up to 1 rotation) but this will not be counted.COMBINATION LIFT: A lift combining two of the above types of lifts (a), (b), (c) or (d).
PATTERN
The pattern of a dance is the design of the dance on the ice. The diagram of a dance includes all the information needed to execute one complete pattern of the dance.
SET PATTERN DANCE
A dance for which the location, direction and curvature of all edges to be skated are designated in the diagram. This diagram must be followed as closely as possible.
OPTIONAL PATTERN DANCE
A dance for which the pattern may be altered by a couple provided that the original step sequences, positions and timing are maintained. Each repetition of the altered pattern must be executed in the same manner and the restart must be commenced from the same place.
RIM/EDGE/BORDER DANCE
a dance with a step sequence that requires a shorter or longer distance than is available in one circuit of the rink. The second sequence, therefore, will not begin at the original starting point of the dance.
LOBE
Any sequence of steps on one side of the continuous axis that is approximately semi-circular in shape.
CIRCUIT
One full round of the ice surface.
AXES
LONG AXIS
A straight line that divides the ice surface into two halves lengthwise (midline).
SHORT AXIS:
A straight line that divides the ice surface into two halves crosswise.
CONTINUOUS AXIS:
An imaginary line running around the ice surface that serves as the basis for the dance pattern. Usually the continuous axis consists of two lines running parallel to the long axis of the ice surface, approximately halfway between the long axis and the sides. These lines are joined at each end of the ice surface by a semi-circle. These semi-circles are flattened in some dances so that they run almost parallel to the ends of the ice surface. In circular dances, such as the Kilian, the continuous axis approximates a circle. The continuous axis of the Paso Doble is an oval.
TRANSVERSE AXIS:
An imaginary line intersecting the continuous axis of a dance at right angles.
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START
INTRODUCTORY STEPS: All dances may be started with optional introductory steps. They shall not exceed the introductory phrasing.
START: The first step after the introductory steps. The referee may announce the approximate location at which the dances must be started.
SEQUENCE OF STEPS: The prescribed order of the steps that compose one pattern of a Pattern Dance or any portion thereof, or a series of prescribed or un-prescribed steps, turns and movements in an Original and Free Dance.
There are the following types of Step Sequences for Original and Free Dances and which may be skated either in hold or not-touching as is specified for the season.Step Sequences in hold must be skated in any known dance hold or variation thereof (unless otherwise specified). Any separation to change a hold must not exceed one measure of music. Not Touching Step Sequence must incorporate mirror and/or matching footwork. Both partners may cross each other’s tracing(s) and may switch from matching footwork to mirror or vice versa. The partners should remain as close together as possible, but they must not touch. The distance between the skaters should generally not be more than 2 arms length apart, except for short distances when the saters are performing required edges and turns in opposite directions.All Step Sequences are divided into two (2) following groups A and B:
GROUP A. STRAIGHT LINE STEP SEQUENCE:
a) Midline: skated along the full length of the center (long) axis of the ice surface.
b) Diagonal: skated from one corner of the ice rink to the diagonally opposite other corner (as fully as possible from corner to corner).
GROUP B. CURVED STEP SEQUENCES (may be skated in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction):
c) Circular: one complete circle utilizing the full width of the ice surface (on the short axis of the rink).
d) Serpentine: commences at the center (long) axis at one end of the rink and progresses in three bold curves or in two bold curves (S-shaped) and ends at the centre (long) axis of the opposite end of the rink; (pattern utilizing the full width of the ice surface).
MUSIC
BEAT: A note defining the regular recurring divisions of a piece of music.TEMPO: The speed of the music in beats or measures per minute.RHYTHM: The regularly repeated pattern of accented and unaccented beats, which gives the music its character.MEASURE (BAR): A unit of music which is defined by the periodic recurrence of the accent.Such units are of equal duration.WEAK BEAT: While it may be technically correct to skate to the minor accent (weak beat), the resulting interpretation and expression of the character of the dance is not correct and must be penalized by the evaluators/judges.
Contemporary Music for Pattern Dances
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLxqrI2KKF957mPuz6jjSAHftE08H8dZeY
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1. Dutch Waltz = Could I have this dance2. Canasta Tango = Tango Mayo3. Rhythm Blues = Riverboat Blues4. Swing Dance =
2. A Chorus Line “one” – Keats Tango
3. Santa Maria – Canasta Tango
PATTERN DANCES
PATTERN DANCE DESCRIPTION AND DIAGRAMS:
· RELATIONSHIP OF MUSIC TO THE STEPS: The steps of the dances are numbered on the diagrams for easy reference. The relationship of the music to the steps of the dances is shown by the numbers placed beside each step. The diagrams show the rhythm patterns by numbers 1-4 for four-beat rhythms such as foxtrots and marches, and 1-6 for the six-beat and 1-3 for the three-beat rhythm patterns of the waltzes. A notation such as RFOI 4+2 beats means that the right forward outside edge is held for four beats, and the right forward inside edge for two beats. Similarly, LFO3 3+3, means that the left forward outside edge is held for three beats, then a three is turned on the count of four.
· STEPS: All steps are open strokes unless specifically stated otherwise. Refer to the chart of abbreviations in para d).
· SEQUENCE OF STEPS: The sequence of the steps, their relation to the music and their relation to the continuous and transverse axes are shown in the dance diagrams.
Compulsory dance
Formerly the first of the three programs in ice dance. All teams perform the same dance to the standard music. In 2010, the ISU eliminated the compulsory and original dances and merged them into what is now the short dance. The compulsory portion is now officially known as the pattern dance.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ICE DANCING DIAGRAMS AND CHARTS OF STEPS:
. . . - music retard
“and” - between beats
“Tw” -“twizzle-like” motion
1 & 1 - one and one
3 - three turn
B Backward
BK Bend Knee
Br - bracket
CE Change of Edge
Ch Chassé
Cho - choctaw
Cl - closed
ClCho -closed choctaw
clMo closed Mohawk
CR - cross roll
CR3 Cross Roll - Three
Ct - count
Ctr - counter
dr3 dropped 3 Turn
F - forward
I - inside edge
InBa - Ina Bauer
L - left foot
Lff - left foot forward
Lff Slip Step
LFOI Left-Forward-Outside-Inward (change of edges)
Lu - lunge *
Mo - mohawk
O Outside
o3 open Three
Op - open
OpCho -open choctaw
opMo Open Mohawk
Pr - progressive (run)
Pvt - pivot
Qcs - quick cross-over slip
Qlb - quick lift backward
Qlf - quick lift forward
R - right foot
RBOI Right-Backward-Outward-Inward (change of edges)
Rff - right foot forward
Rff Slip Step
Rk - rocker
Sc - slight change
SlCh - slide Chassé
slTD Slight Touchdown
Spr E - spread eagle
Sw - swing
Sw3 - swing three
Sw3 Swing Three Turn
SwCho - swing choctaw
SwClMo Swing closed Mohawk
SwCtr - swing counter
SwMo - swing mohawk
SwR - swing roll
SwRk - swing rocker
SwTw - swing twizzle
Td - touchdown
TD Touchdown
Tw - twizzle
Wd -wide step (or “*”)- wide step
WS Wide Step
X Cross
XB -cross step behind
Xcut -cross cut
XF- -cross in front
XF -cross step in front
XFt 3 -cross foot three
XFtTw -cross foot twizzle
XS Cross Stroke
Additional Notes re Revised Pattern Dance Descriptions, Charts and Diagrams:
· Some turns formerly called twizzles are now described as “Twizzle-like motions (“Tw”) which means that while the body performs one full continuous rotation, the skating foot technically executes less than a full turn followed by a step forward (e.g. Austrian Waltz -lady’s step 13b; Argentine Tango - lady’s step 23; Tango Romantica -man’s step 5.) Other twizzles remain unchanged.
· The shapes of manyu of the diagrams have been modified to correspond with patterns being currently skated.
· All diagrams show the side to start the dance as indicated by a box showing the location of the judge’s stand.
· “Counts” refer to the “measure” of the music; “beats” refer to the musical count of the “step”.
· A hyphen (-) between steps on two feet (e.g. RBO-LBI) indicates “skated on two feet” or “both feet on ice”.
· A “slash” (/) between steps means “followed by another on the same step” (e.g. RFO3/RBI3)
Vocabulary
Preliminary – Vorprüfung / Vorrunde
Some German Terms
Auswärts - Mit dem Standbein auf der Außenkante nach außen gelaufener Bogen oder Schritt
Bogen: Kurvenlauf auf einem Bein; dabei gibt es acht Möglichkeiten: links (L) – rechts (R); rückwärts (r) – vorwärts (v); auswärts (a) – einwärts (e); Beispiel Rve: rechts vorwärts einwärts
Choctaw Fußwechsel mit Kantenwechsel, also z. B. vw EK auf rw AK. Dabei wechselt der Kreis. Innenkreis- Außenkreis
Cross roll Schrittfolge mit wechselseitigem Übersetzen, vorwärts oder rückwärts. Immer Außenkante, Außenkante.
Dreier Wechsel der Laufrichtung auf einem Bein von vorwärts nach rückwärts (über die Schlittschuhspitze) oder von rückwärts nach vorwärts (über die Ferse) mit Kantenwechsel und Drehung mit Rotation im Sinne des Einlaufbogens.
Gegendreier Wechsel der Laufrichtung auf einem Bein von vorwärts nach rückwärts (über die Schlittschuhspitze) oder von rückwärts nach vorwärts (über die Ferse) mit Kantenwechsel und gegen die Rotation des Einlauf- bzw. Auslaufbogens
Gegenwende ein Drehschritt, bei dem auf einem Bein die Laufrichtung gewechselt wird ohne Kantenwechsel, gegen die Drehrichtung des Einlaufbogens, früher als Pflichtfigur zusammenhängend auf 3 Kreisen gelaufen
Kante die Auswärts- oder Einwärtskante der Schlittschuhkufe als linke oder rechte Begrenzung des Hohlschliffs
Mohawk Schritt mit halber Drehung, ohne Kantenwechsel, also von Innenkante auf Innenkante oder von Außenkante auf Außenkante
Schlangenbogen Pflichtfigur bzw. Schrittfolge mit Kantenwechsel, dadurch gleitender Übergang von einem Kreisbogen zum anderen
Twizzle Drehung auf der Stelle um 360° beim Eistanz
Wende ein Drehschritt, bei dem auf einem Bein die Laufrichtung gewechselt wird ohne Kantenwechsel, in der Drehrichtung des Einlaufbogens, gegen die Drehrichtung des Auslaufbogens, früher als Pflichtfigur zusammenhängend auf 3 Kreisen gelaufen
Weblinks
http://skatedancediagrams.weebly.com
https://info.skatecanada.ca/hc/en-ca
http://www.iceskatingresources.org/
http://www.isu.org/en/single-and-pair-skating-and-ice-dance/isu-judging-system/ice-dance
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5jQb8DdB3SKAEtiJOFGTig
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC9CB25602F809B35
http://www.ncassociates.com/icednce/DiskE.htm
https://sites.google.com/site/modernicedancemusic1/
http://www.IceSkatingForEveryone.com