Turns

TURNS

A rotational movement in which the skater moves from forward to backward or backward to forward.

Loop

Figure 54 3-turn, Bracket, Loop

LOOP: A loop is a forward or backward rotational movement skated on a small circle approximately equal to the height of the skater. A “cross-roll” transition into forward outside loops and a “cross behind” start for back outside loops are permissible. The loops included in the Skating Skills exercises are more of a “rotational movement”, more round than tear shaped. Outside loops can be skated forwards or backwards, starting on the left or right foot (LFO, RFO, LBO, RBO). Inside loops can be skated forwards or backwards, starting on the left or right foot (LFI, RFI, LBI, RBI).

Toe Loop

Figure 55 Toe Loop

Two-Foot-Turn / Bum Twister

Figure 56 Two-foot-turn

Figure 57 Bum Twister

THREE Turn [3]

Figure 58 LFO3

Figure 59 Inside Outside 3 Turns LFO3, RFI3

Figure 60 RFO3

Figure 61 FO3-BI3 Forward Outside/Back Inside Three-Turns

A turn executed on one foot from an outside edge to an inside edge or an inside edge to an outside edge, with the exit curve continuing on the same lobe as the entry curve. The skater turns in the direction of the curve.

A three turn is a turn on a curve from forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward on the same foot with the point of the turn facing into the curve. If the edge entering the three turn is an outside edge, the exit edge of the turn will be an inside and vice versa. The exit edge of the turn continues on the same curve as the entry edge. It is called a “three” turn because the tracing on the ice resembles the number “3”. Three turns can be from outside-to-inside or from inside-to-outside and can be performed forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward, starting on the left or right foot. (LFO-LBI, RFO-RBI, LFI-LBO, RFI-RBO, LBO-LFI, RBO-RFI, LBI-LFO, RBI-RFO)

Special Three Turns in Ice Dancing

TOUCHDOWN THREE TURN:

A three turn in which the weight is almost immediately transferred to the free foot as it becomes the skating foot for the next step. The turn is made from a forward outside three to the backward outside edge of the opposite foot without full weight transfer, then the skater immediately steps forward onto the original foot (example Austrian Waltz steps 1-2). Such a sequence may be skated with the forward or backward, inside or outside three turns. May be skated alone or as a couple side by side.

AMERICAN WALTZ TYPE THREE TURN:

A three turn from an outside edge in which the free leg is extended and the toe and hip are well turned out and held over the tracing. The instep of the free foot is drawn close to the heel of the skating foot as the turn is made. After the turn onto an inside edge, the free foot is extended back of the tracing before being brought back beside the skating foot in time for the next step.

EUROPEAN WALTZ TYPE THREE TURN:

A three turn which begins as in (3). After the turn the back inside edge is held for one beat before the weight is transferred to the free foot as it becomes the skating foot.

RAVENSBERGER WALTZ TYPE THREE TURN:

An inside three turn that begins as in (3) and (4) with the free leg extended over the tracing and left behind during the turn, and swings through after its completion in front of the tracing before being brought back beside the skating foot in time for the next step. (Example: Man’s step 1, in Ravensberger Waltz).

WALK-AROUND-THREES:

Threes turned by a Couple at the same time around the common axis. The partners skate these turns in Waltz hold (example Austrian Waltz step 31, Ravensberger Waltz steps 39-40) or offset Tango hold (Golden Waltz steps 1-5).

BRACKET [Br]

Figure 62 Bracket

BRACKET: A bracket is a turn on a curve from forward-to-backward or backward to forward-on-the same foot with the point of the turn facing outside the curve. If the edge entering the bracket is an inside edge, the exit edge of the turn will be outside and vice versa. The exit edge of the turn continues on the same curve as the entry edge. Brackets can be from outside-to-inside or from inside-to-outside and can be performed forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward starting on the left or right foot. (LFO-LBI, RFO-RBI, LFI-LBO, RFI-RBO, LBO-LFI, RBO-RFI, LBI-LFO, RBI-RFO)

ROCKER [Rk]

Figure 63 Counter, Rocker, Twizzles

A turn executed on one foot from an outside edge to an outside edge or an inside edge to an inside edge, with the exit curve on a different lobe from the entry curve. The skater turns in the direction of the entry curve.

ROCKER: A rocker is a turn from forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward, on the same foot, with the point of the turn facing into the circle. The skater changes to a new curve at the top of the turn (long axis). If the edge entering the rocker is an outside edge, the exit edge of the turn will also be outside. Rockers can be from outside-to-outside or inside-to-inside and can be performed forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward, starting on the left or right foot. (LFO-LBO, RFO-RBO, LFI-LBI, RFI-RBI, LBO-LFO, RBO-RFO, LBI-LFI, RBI-RFI)

COUNTER [Ct]

Figure 64 Counter, Rocker, Twizzles

Figure 65 Counters

COUNTER: A counter is a turn from forward-to-backward or backward-to-forward on the same foot, with the point of the turn facing outside the curve. The skater changes to a new curve at the top of the turn (long axis). If the edge entering the counter is an inside edge, the exit edge of the turn will also be inside and vice versa. Counters can be from outside-to-outside or inside-to-inside and can be performed forward-to-backward or backward-to- forward, starting on the left or right foot. (LFO-LBO, RFO-RBO, LFI-LBI, RFI-RBI, LBO-LFO, RBO-RFO, LBI-LFI, RBI-RFI)

SWING ROCKER [SwRk]

Figure 66 Counter, Rocker, Twizzles

A type of rocker or counter in which the free foot swings smoothly past close to the skating foot before the turn and after the turn is either moved past the skating foot and held behind over the tracing or allowed to swing forward.

LEG AND FOOT POSITIONS

COUPEE:

A movement in which the free foot is held up in contact with the skating leg from an open hip position so that the free foot is at a right angles to the leg of the skating foot.

PASSE:

A movement in which the free foot is held up to the side of the skating leg from a closed hip position so that the free foot is parallel to the leg of the skating foot.

ATTITUDE:

The free leg is bent, and brought up out and behind at a ninety degree angle to the leg of the skating foot.

TWIZZLE [Tw]

Figure 67 Twizzles and Chasses in Waltz Hold

Figure 68 Counter, Rocker, Twizzles

TWIZZLE: A traveling turn on one foot with one or more rotations which is quickly rotated with a continuous, uninterrupted action. The weight remains on the skating foot with the free foot in any position during the turn then placed beside the skating foot to skate the next step. A series of checked three turns is not acceptable as this does not constitute a single action. If the traveling action stops during the execution, the Twizzle, it becomes a Solo Spin (Pirouette);

The four (4) different types of entry edges for Twizzles are as follows:

Forward Inside (FI)

Figure 69 Forward Inside Twizzles

Forward Outside (FO)

Backward Inside (BI)

Backward Outside (BO)

Figure 70 Backward Outside Twizzles

Twizzles in Ice Dancing

SYNCHRONIZED AND SEQUENTIAL TWIZZLES:

SERIES OF SYNCHRONIZED TWIZZLES: At least two twizzles for each partner with up to three (3) small steps between twizzles.

SERIES OF SEQUENTIAL TWIZZLES: At least two twizzles for each partner with up to one (1) step between twizzles.

Each twizzle (a) and (b) shall be at least one (1) full rotation on one foot performed simultaneously by both partners. For example:

· side by side in the same direction (matching)

· side by side in opposite direction (mirror)

· following one another (one skating forward and/or backward and the other skating forward and/or backward)

A TWIZZLE LIKE MOTION [“Tw”]

While the body performs one full continuous rotation the skating foot technically executes less than a full turn followed by a step forward.

CHOCTAWS [Cho]

Figure 71 Basic Choctaw Explained

Figure 72 Basic Choctaw Supplemental

Figure 73 Regular Choctaws, Blues Chactaws

Figure 74 Choctaw, Open, Closed, Swing

A turn from one foot to the other in which the curve of the exit edge is in the opposite direction to that of the entry edge. The change of foot is from outside edge to inside edge or inside edge to outside edge. Unless otherwise specified in the dance description, the free foot is placed on the ice close to the skating foot. The entry and exit edge are of equal depth.

OPEN CHOCTAW

A choctaw in which the free foot is placed on the ice at the inner side of the skating foot. Following the weight transfer the immediate position of the new free foot is behind the heel of the new skating foot.

CLOSED CHOCTAW

A choctaw in which the instep of the free foot is held at the heel of the skating foot until the free foot is placed on the ice behind the heel of the skating foot. Following the weight transfer the immediate position of the new free foot is in front of the new skating foot (e.g. steps 12 and 13 of the Blues).

SWING CHOCTAW

An open or closed choctaw in which the free leg swings forward closely past the skating leg and then back to the skating foot to execute the turn (e.g. steps 5 and 6 [first part] of the Quickstep).

CROSSED OPEN CHOCTAW:

A choctaw in which the outside of the free foot is held in front of and at right angles to the skating foot. The hip is open after the turn. It may be wide-stepped (e.g. Steps 11-12 of the Rhumba).

MOHAWKS [Mo]

Figure 75 Inside Open and Closed Mohwaks

Figure 76 Outside Mohawks in Figure Eight Pattern

Figure 77 Back Crossovers with Inside Mohawks

A turn from one foot to the other in which the entry and exit curves are continuous and of equal depth. The change of foot is from an outside edge to an outside edge or from and inside edge to an inside edge.

Inside Mohawk

RFI-LFI or LFI-RFI

Outside Mohawk

RFO-LFO or LFO to RFO

OPEN MOHAWK

A mohawk in which the heel of the free foot is placed on the ice at the inner side of the skating foot, the angle between the two feet being optional. Following the weight transfer, the immediate position of the new free foot is behind the heel of the new skating foot (e.g. the man's steps 8 and 9 and the lady's steps 12 and 13 in the Fourteenstep).

CLOSED MOHAWK

A mohawk in which the instep of the free foot is held at the heel of the skating foot until the free foot is placed on the ice behind the heel of the skating foot. Following the weight transfer, the immediate position of the new free foot is in front of the new skating foot (e.g. steps 11 and 12 of the Rocker Foxtrot).

SWING MOHAWK

An open or closed mohawk in which the free leg swings forward closely past the skating leg, and then back to the skating foot to execute the turn (e.g. steps 20 and 21 of the Harris Tango).

Power Techniques

Figure 78 Power Techniques

Figure Eights

Abbildung 1 Figure Eights

Figure 79 Figure 8: Forward outside edges

Figure 80 Figure 8: Backward Outside Edges